Prostate Disease

Facts about the prostate gland:

The prostate gland secretes a slightly alkaline fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid, a fluid that carries sperm.

Types of non-cancerous prostate problems:

There are clinical conditions of the prostate gland that are not cancer, including the following:

• prostatism - any condition of the prostate that causes interference with the flow of urine from the bladder.

• prostatitis - an inflamed condition of the prostate gland that may be accompanied by discomfort, pain, frequent or infrequent urination, and, sometimes, fever.

• prostatalgia - pain in the prostate gland.

• benign prostatic hyperplasia (Also called BPH or benign prostatic hypertrophy.) - a specific term that defines the condition of an enlarged prostate. BPH is the most common non-cancerous prostate problem. It can cause discomfort and problems urinating. Although it is not cancer, BPH symptoms are often similar to those of prostate cancer.

• impotence (Also called erectile dysfunction.) - the inability to achieve or maintain an erection.

• urinary incontinence - the loss of bladder control.

These problems are quite common and may happen to men of all ages.

Procedures used to evaluate prostate problems:

In addition to an annual physical examination that includes blood, urine, and possibly other laboratory tests, the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society suggest consulting your physician about these recommendations for the evaluation of the prostate gland:

• DRE (digital rectal examinations)
  As recommended by your physician, DREs are usually conducted annually for men over the age of 50. Men in high-risk groups, such as African-Americans, or those with a strong family history of prostate cancer, should consult their physicians about being tested at a younger age.

• PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
  As recommended by your physician, a PSA test is usually conducted annually for men over the age of 50. Men in high-risk groups, such as African-Americans, or those with a strong family history of prostate cancer, should consult their physicians about being tested at a younger age.

What are some other prostate cancer evaluation procedures?

If the DRE or PSA are unusual, your physician may repeat the tests or request an ultrasound and other procedures. These evaluation tools may include:

• transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) - a test using sound wave echoes to create an image of the prostate gland to visually inspect for abnormal conditions such as gland enlargement, nodules, penetration of tumor through capsule of the gland, and/or invasion of seminal vesicles; may also be used for guidance of needle biopsies of the prostate gland and/or guiding the nitrogen probes in cryosurgery.
  
  
• computed tomography scan (Also called a CT or CAT scan.) - a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general x-rays.
  
  
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.
  
  
• radionuclide bone scan - a nuclear imaging method that helps to show whether the cancer has spread from the prostate gland to the bones. The procedure involves an injection of radioactive material that helps to locate diseased bone cells throughout the entire body, suggesting possible metastatic cancer.
  
  
• (lymph node and/or prostate) biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples are removed (with a needle or during surgery) from the body for examination under a microscope; to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

The diagnosis of cancer is confirmed only by a biopsy.

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and Pelvic Health at Rush

The specialist team at the Program for Abdominal and Pelvic Health includes, colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists, gynecologists, physiatrists (rehabilitative and physical medicine specialists), physical therapists, psychologists, radiologists, urogynecologists and urologists. These teams work closely together in a coordinated effort to provide the outstanding care that is the hallmark of Rush.

At Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, our team is on the leading edge of advances in medicine, whether it’s a new minimally invasive technique or a novel drug. Because Rush is an academic medical center, our patients benefit from all of the latest innovations, including some that are unavailable anywhere else in the world.

For more information about the Program for Abdominal and Pelvic Health at Rush visit their Web site at www.rush.edu/paph.

Or phone the Program for Abdominal and Pelvic Health at (312) 942-7274.

Our program manager will guide patients through the program and discuss the patients' symptoms with them to determine the appropriate specialists for each patient.

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