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Hypoparathyroidism is caused by underactive parathyroid glands. Underactive parathyroid glands produce too little parathyroid hormones, which in turn causes low levels of calcium in the blood stream.
The low levels of calcium lead to tetany, an increased excitability of the nerves.
Causes of parathyroidism include accidental removal of a parathyroid gland when the thyroid is removed, or when part of the parathyroid tissue is removed. Other causes include absent parathyroid glands from birth or the sudden stop of functioning due to unknown reasons.
What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
The following are the most common symptoms of hypoparathyroidism. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- uncontrollable, painful spasms of the face, hands, arms, and feet
- seizures
The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.
How is hypoparathyroidism diagnosed?
In addition to a complete medical history and medical examination, diagnostic procedures for hypoparathyroidism may include blood tests to measure the parathyroid hormone levels.
Treatment for hypoparathyroidism:
Specific treatment for hypoparathyroidism will be determined by your physician based on:
- your age, overall health, and medical history
- extent of the disease
- your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- expectations for the course of the disease
- your opinion or preference
Treatment may include an injection of calcium to provide immediate relief and/or taking calcium and vitamin D tablets for the rest of the patient's life.
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Endocrinology
Endocrinology
Parathyroid Glands: Location and Function